Xulashada matoorrada stepper-ka ee qalabka otomaatiga ah

Matoorada Stepper-kawaxaa loo isticmaali karaa xakamaynta xawaaraha iyo xakamaynta booska iyada oo aan la isticmaalin aaladaha jawaab celinta (tusaale ahaan xakamaynta wareegga furan), sidaa darteed xalka wadistani waa mid dhaqaale ahaan iyo mid la isku halleyn karo labadaba. Qalabka otomaatiga ah, qalabka, darawalka stepper-ka ayaa si aad ah loo isticmaalay. Laakiin dad badan oo isticmaala shaqaalaha farsamada ayaa ku saabsan sida loo doorto matoorka stepper-ka ee ku habboon, sida loo sameeyo waxqabadka ugu wanaagsan ee darawalka stepper-ka ama ay qabaan su'aalo dheeraad ah. Warqaddani waxay ka hadlaysaa xulashada matoorada stepper-ka, iyadoo diiradda saareysa adeegsiga khibrad injineernimo matoorka stepper-ka ah, waxaan rajeynayaa in caannimada matoorada stepper-ka ee qalabka otomaatiga ah ay door ka ciyaarto tixraaca.

 

1, Hordhacmatoorka stepper-ka

Matoorka stepper-ka waxaa sidoo kale loo yaqaan matoor garaac ama matoor tallaabo. Waxay ku socotaa xagal gaar ah mar kasta oo xaaladda kicinta la beddelo iyadoo loo eegayo calaamadda garaaca gelinta, waxayna ku sii jirtaa meel gaar ah marka xaaladda kicinta aan isbeddelin. Tani waxay u oggolaanaysaa matoorka stepper-ka inuu calaamadda garaaca gelinta u beddelo barokac xagal u dhigma si loo soo saaro. Adigoo xakameynaya tirada garaaca gelinta waxaad si sax ah u go'aamin kartaa barokaca xagal ee wax soo saarka si aad u gaarto booska ugu fiican; iyo adoo xakameynaya soo noqnoqoshada garaaca gelinta waxaad si sax ah u xakamayn kartaa xawaaraha xagal ee wax soo saarka oo aad gaari kartaa ujeeddada xakamaynta xawaaraha. Dhammaadkii 1960-meeyadii, noocyo kala duwan oo matoorro stepper ah oo wax ku ool ah ayaa soo ifbaxay, 40-kii sano ee la soo dhaafayna waxay arkeen horumar degdeg ah. Matoorrada stepper-ka waxay awood u yeesheen inay matoorada DC, matoorada asynchronous, iyo sidoo kale matoorada synchronous-ka ah oo ay weheliyaan, iyagoo noqday nooc aasaasi ah oo matoor ah. Waxaa jira saddex nooc oo matoorro stepper ah: reactive (nooca VR), magnet joogto ah (nooca PM) iyo hybrid (nooca HB). Matoorka stepper-ka isku-dhafka ah wuxuu isku daraa faa'iidooyinka labada nooc ee ugu horreeya matoorka stepper-ka. Matoorka stepper-ku wuxuu ka kooban yahay rotor (core rotor, magnets joogto ah, usheeda, biinanka kubbadda), stator (wareejin, core stator), daboolka hore iyo kan dambe, iwm. Matoorka stepper-ka isku-dhafka ah ee ugu caadisan wuxuu leeyahay stator oo leh 8 ilko oo waaweyn, 40 ilko oo yaryar iyo rotor oo leh 50 ilko oo yaryar; matoorka saddex-geesoodka ah wuxuu leeyahay stator oo leh 9 ilko oo waaweyn, 45 ilko oo yaryar iyo rotor oo leh 50 ilko oo yaryar.

 

2, Mabda'a Xakamaynta

Thematoorka stepper-kaLama xiriirin karo si toos ah korontada, mana heli karto calaamadaha garaaca korontada si toos ah, waa in lagu xaqiijiyaa iyada oo loo marayo is-dhexgal gaar ah - darawalka matoorka stepper si uu ula falgalo korontada iyo koontaroolaha. Darawalka matoorka stepper-ka guud ahaan wuxuu ka kooban yahay qaybiye giraan ah, iyo wareeg kororsi awood leh. Qaybiyaha giraangu wuxuu ka helaa calaamadaha xakamaynta koontaroolaha. Mar kasta oo calaamad garaac ah la helo wax soo saarka qaybiyaha giraangu waa la beddelaa hal mar, sidaa darteed joogitaanka ama maqnaanshaha iyo soo noqnoqoshada calaamadda garaaca ayaa go'aamin kara in xawaaraha matoorka stepper-ku uu sareeyo ama hooseeyo, uu dedejinayo ama uu yaraynayo si uu u bilaabo ama u joojiyo. Qaybiyaha giraangu waa inuu sidoo kale la socdaa calaamadda jihada ee koontaroolaha si uu u go'aamiyo in kala-guurka xaaladdiisa wax soo saarku uu yahay mid togan ama taban, sidaas darteedna uu go'aamiyo isteerinka matoorka stepper-ka.

 

3, xuduudaha ugu muhiimsan

①Lambarka xannibaadda: inta badan 20, 28, 35, 42, 57, 60, 86, iwm.

②Lambarka wejiga: tirada gariiradaha ku jira matoorka stepper-ka, lambarka wejiga matoorka stepper-ka guud ahaan wuxuu leeyahay laba weji, saddex weji, iyo shan weji. Shiinuhu wuxuu inta badan isticmaalaa matoorada stepper-ka laba weji leh, saddex-geesoodka ah sidoo kale wuxuu leeyahay codsiyo qaar. Japan waxaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa matoorada stepper-ka shan-geesoodka ah

③Xagasha tallaabada: oo u dhiganta calaamadda garaaca wadnaha, kala-baxa xagasha ee wareegga rotor-ka matoorka. Qaacidda xisaabinta xagasha tallaabada matoorka stepper waa sidan soo socota

Xagasha tallaabada = 360° ÷ (2mz)

m tirada marxaladaha matoorka stepper-ka

Z tirada ilkaha ee rotor-ka ee matoorka stepper-ka.

Sida ku cad qaacidada kor ku xusan, xagasha tallaabada ee matoorrada laba-waji, saddex-waji iyo shan-waji waa 1.8°, 1,2° iyo 0.72° siday u kala horreeyaan.

④ Haynta wareegga: waa wareegga wareegga stator-ka ee matoorka iyada oo loo marayo qulqulka la qiimeeyay, laakiin rotor-ku ma wareego, stator-ku wuxuu xiraa rotor-ka. Haynta wareegga waa halbeegga ugu muhiimsan ee matoorada stepper-ka, waana saldhigga ugu weyn ee xulashada matoorka.

⑤ Wareegga booska: waa wareegga loo baahan yahay si loogu rogo rotor-ka xoog dibadeed marka matoorku aanu gudbin hadda. Wareeggu waa mid ka mid ah tilmaamayaasha waxqabadka si loo qiimeeyo matoorka, haddii ay jiraan xuduudo kale oo isku mid ah, marka wareegga booska uu yaraado macnaheedu waa in "saamaynta booska" ay yar tahay, waxay faa'iido u leedahay simanaanta matoorka oo ku shaqeeya astaamaha soo noqnoqda wareegga xawaaraha hooseeya: inta badan waxay tilmaamaysaa astaamaha soo noqnoqda wareegga ee la soo saaray, hawlgalka xasilloonida matoorka ee xawaare gaar ah wuxuu u adkeysan karaa wareegga ugu badan isagoon lumin tallaabada. Qalooca daqiiqad-soo-noqoshada waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu qeexo xiriirka ka dhexeeya wareegga ugu badan iyo xawaaraha (soo-noqoshada) iyada oo aan lumin tallaabada. Qalooca soo noqnoqda wareegga waa halbeeg muhiim ah oo matoorka tallaabada ah waana saldhigga ugu weyn ee xulashada matoorka.

⑥ Heerka hadda la qiimeeyay: matoorka matoorka ee loo baahan yahay si loo ilaaliyo wareegga la qiimeeyay, qiimaha wax ku oolka ah

 

4. Xulashada dhibcaha

Codsiyada warshadaha ee loo isticmaalo xawaaraha matoorka stepper ilaa 600 ~ 1500rpm, xawaare sare, waxaad ka fiirsan kartaa wadista matoorka stepper-loop xiran, ama dooro barnaamij servo drive oo ku habboon tallaabooyinka xulashada matoorka stepper (fiiri sawirka hoose).

 

(1) Doorashada xagasha tallaabada

Marka loo eego tirada marxaladaha matoorka, waxaa jira saddex nooc oo xagal tallaabo ah: 1.8° (laba-waji), 1.2° (saddex-waji), 0.72° (shan-waji). Dabcan, xagal tallaabo shan-waji ah ayaa leh saxnaanta ugu sarreysa laakiin matoorkeeda iyo darawalkeeduba way ka qaalisan yihiin, sidaa darteed si dhif ah ayaa looga isticmaalaa Shiinaha. Intaa waxaa dheer, darawallada stepper-ka ee caadiga ah hadda waxay isticmaalayaan tignoolajiyada wadida qaybaha hoose, 4-waji ee hoose, saxnaanta xagal tallaabo hoosaadka wali waa la damaanad qaadi karaa, markaa haddii tilmaamayaasha saxnaanta xagal tallaabo oo keliya laga eego tixgelinta, matoorka stepper-ka shan-waji ah waxaa lagu beddeli karaa matoorka stepper-ka laba-waji ama saddex-waji. Tusaale ahaan, marka la isticmaalayo nooc ka mid ah rasaasta culayska boolal ee 5mm, haddii matoor laba-waji ah la isticmaalo oo darawalku uu ku jiro 4 qaybood, tirada garaaca halkii wareeg ee matoorka waa 200 x 4 = 800, garaaca u dhigmana waa 5 ÷ 800 = 0.00625mm = 6.25μm, saxnaantani waxay buuxin kartaa inta badan shuruudaha codsiga.

(2) Xulasho wareeg ah (xakamaynta wareegga) oo aan isbeddelin

Hababka gudbinta culeyska ee caadiga ah ee la isticmaalo waxaa ka mid ah suunka isku-dhafan, baararka fiilooyinka, raafka iyo pinion, iwm. Macaamiishu marka hore waxay xisaabiyaan culayska mashiinka (inta badan xawaaraha dardargelinta iyo wareegga is-jiidjiidka) oo loo beddelo wareegga culayska ee loo baahan yahay ee usha matoorka. Kadib, iyadoo loo eegayo xawaaraha ugu badan ee socodsiinta ee ay u baahan yihiin ubaxyada korontada ku shaqeeya, labada kiis ee soo socda ee isticmaalka kala duwan si loo doorto wareegga qabashada ee ku habboon ee matoorka stepper ① si loogu isticmaalo xawaaraha matoorka ee loo baahan yahay ee 300pm ama ka yar: haddii culayska matoorka loo beddelo wareegga culayska ee loo baahan yahay ee usha matoorka T1, markaa wareegga culayska waxaa lagu dhuftaa qodobka badbaadada SF (guud ahaan loo qaato 1.5-2.0), taasi waa, wareegga culayska ee loo baahan yahay ee matoorka stepper torque Tn ②2 ee loogu talagalay Codsiyada u baahan xawaaraha matoorka ee 300pm ama ka badan: deji xawaaraha ugu badan Nmax, haddii culayska matoorka loo beddelo usha matoorka, wareegga culayska ee loo baahan yahay waa T1, markaa wareegga culayska waxaa lagu dhuftaa qodobka badbaadada SF (badanaa 2.5-3.5), kaas oo siiya wareegga xakamaynta Tn. Tixraac Jaantuska 4 oo dooro qaab ku habboon. Kadib isticmaal qalooca daqiiqad-soo-noqoshada si aad u hubiso oo u barbar dhigto: qalooca daqiiqad-soo-noqoshada, xawaaraha ugu badan ee Nmax ee uu u baahan yahay isticmaaluhu wuxuu u dhigmaa wareegga tallaabada ugu badan ee lumay ee T2, markaa wareegga tallaabada ugu badan ee lumay ee T2 waa inuu ka badan yahay 20% T1. Haddii kale, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in la doorto matoor cusub oo leh wareeg weyn, oo la hubiyo oo mar kale la barbar dhigo iyadoo loo eegayo qalooca soo-noqoshada xoogga ee matoorka cusub ee la doortay.

(3) Tirada saldhigga matoorka oo sii weyn, ayaa sii weynaanaysa awoodda qabashada.

(4) sida waafaqsan heerka hadda la qiimeeyay si loo doorto darawalka stepper-ka ee u dhigma.

Tusaale ahaan, heerka hadda ee matoorka 57CM23 waa 5A, markaa waxaad la mid tahay heerka ugu sarreeya ee la oggol yahay ee darawalka oo ka badan 5A (fadlan ogow inay tahay qiimaha wax ku oolka ah halkii ay ka ahaan lahayd heerka ugu sarreeya), haddii kale haddii aad doorato heerka ugu sarreeya ee darawalka 3A oo keliya, awoodda ugu badan ee wax soo saarka matoorka waxay noqon kartaa qiyaastii 60% oo keliya!

5, waayo-aragnimo codsi

(1) dhibaatada resonance-ka soo noqnoqoshada hoose ee matoorka stepper

Darawalka stepper-ka ee qayb-hoosaadka ah waa hab wax ku ool ah oo lagu yareeyo resonance-ka soo noqnoqda ee matoorada stepper-ka. Ka hooseeya 150rpm, darawalka qayb-hoosaadka ah aad ayuu waxtar ugu leeyahay yareynta gariirka matoorka. Aragti ahaan, qaybta weyn ee qayb-hoosaadka ah, ayaa ka sii wanaagsan saameynta yareynta gariirka matoorka stepper-ka, laakiin xaaladda dhabta ah ayaa ah in qayb-hoosaadka uu kordho ilaa 8 ama 16 ka dib marka saameynta hagaajinta ee yareynta gariirka matoorka stepper-ka ay gaarto heerka ugu sarreeya.

Sannadihii ugu dambeeyay, waxaa jiray darawallada stepper-ka resonance-ka ee ka hortagga soo noqnoqoshada hooseeya ee gudaha iyo dibadda, taxanaha alaabada Leisai's DM, taxanaha DM-S, tiknoolajiyada resonance-ka ee ka hortagga soo noqnoqoshada hooseeya. Taxanahan darawallada ah waxay isticmaalaan magdhowga iswaafajinta, iyada oo loo marayo magdhowga iswaafajinta mugga iyo wejiga, waxay si weyn u yareyn kartaa gariirka soo noqnoqoshada hooseeya ee matoorka stepper-ka, si loo gaaro gariir hoose iyo hawlgal buuq yar oo matoorka ah.

(2) Saamaynta qaybta matoorka stepper-ka ee saxnaanta booska

Wareegga wadista ee qaybta hoose ee matoorka stepper ma aha oo kaliya inuu hagaajiyo simanaanta dhaqdhaqaaqa qalabka, laakiin sidoo kale wuxuu si wax ku ool ah u hagaajin karaa saxnaanta booska ee qalabka. Tijaabooyinku waxay muujinayaan in: Goobta dhaqdhaqaaqa wadida suunka ee isku-dhafan, qaybta hoose ee matoorka stepper 4, matoorka si sax ah ayaa loogu meeleyn karaa tallaabo kasta.