Doorashada matoorada stepper ee qalabka otomaatiga ah

Matoorada Stepperwaxaa loo isticmaali karaa xakamaynta xawaaraha iyo kontoroolka meelaynta iyada oo aan la isticmaalin aaladaha jawaab celinta (ie kontoroolka loop-furan), markaa xalka darawalku waa mid dhaqaale iyo mid la isku halleyn karo labadaba. Qalabka otomaatiga ah, aaladaha, wadista wadista ayaa si aad ah loo isticmaalay. Laakiin isticmaaleyaal badan oo shaqaale farsamo ah oo ku saabsan sida loo doorto mashiinka stepper ee ku habboon, sida loo sameeyo waxqabadka ugu fiican ee darawalnimada stepper ama waxay qabaan su'aalo dheeraad ah. Warqadani waxay ka hadlaysaa xulashada matoorrada stepper, diiradda saaraya codsiga qaar ka mid ah waayo-aragnimada injineernimada mootada stepper, waxaan rajeynayaa in caannimada matoorada stepper ee qalabka otomaatiga ay door ka ciyaaraan tixraaca.

 

1. Hordhac ahmotor stepper

Matoorka stepper-ka waxaa sidoo kale loo yaqaan mashiinka garaaca wadnaha ama matoorka tallaabo. Waxay ku hormartaa xagal gaar ah mar kasta oo xaalada kacsanaanta la beddelo iyadoo loo eegayo calaamada garaaca garaaca wadnaha, oo waxay ku sii taagnaanaysaa meel cayiman marka xaalada xamaasadu is beddesho. Tani waxay u oggolaanaysaa matoorka stepper-ka inuu u beddelo calaamadda garaaca garaaca wadnaha oo u dhigma barokaca xagal u dhigma ee wax soo saarka. Adigoo xakameynaya tirada garaaca garaaca wadnaha waxaad si sax ah u go'aamin kartaa barokaca xagal ee wax soo saarka si loo gaaro booska ugu fiican; iyo adoo xakameynaya inta jeer ee garaaca garaaca wadnaha waxaad si sax ah u xakameyn kartaa xawaaraha xagasha ee wax soo saarka oo aad ku guulaysato ujeedada xakamaynta xawaaraha. Dabayaaqadii 1960-aadkii, noocyo kala duwan oo matoorayaal tallaabo tallaabo ah ayaa soo baxay, 40-kii sano ee la soo dhaafayna waxay arkeen horumar degdeg ah. Matoorada Stepper waxay awoodeen matoorada DC-ga, matoorada isku-dhafka ah, iyo sidoo kale matoorada isku-dhafka ah oo ay weheliyaan, noqdaan nooc asaasi ah oo matoor ah. Waxaa jira saddex nooc oo matoorada stepper ah: falcelinta (VR nooca), magnet joogto ah (nooca PM) iyo hybrid (nooca HB). Matoorka stepper-ka isku-dhafka ah wuxuu isku daraa faa'iidooyinka labada nooc ee ugu horreeya ee mashiinka stepper. Matoorka stepper wuxuu ka kooban yahay rotor (core core, magnets joogto ah, usheeda dhexe, kubada), stator a (dabaylaha, stator core), koofiyadaha dhamaadka hore iyo gadaal, iwm. Matoorka saddex-waji ah wuxuu leeyahay stator leh 9 ilkood oo waaweyn, 45 ilkood oo yaryar iyo rotor leh 50 ilkood oo yaryar

 

2. Mabda'a xakamaynta

Themotor steppersi toos ah looguma xidhi karo korontada, sidoo kale si toos ah uma heli karto calaamadaha garaaca korantada, waa in lagu xaqiiqsadaa iyada oo loo marayo interface gaar ah - darawalka stepper motor si uu ula falgalo sahayda iyo xakamaynta. Darawalka mootada stepper guud ahaan waxa uu ka kooban yahay qaybiyaha giraanta, iyo wareegga cod-weyneeye. Qaybiyaha giraanta ayaa hela calaamadaha xakamaynta ee kantaroolaha. Mar kasta oo signal garaaca garaaca la helo wax soo saarka giraanta qaybiyaha waxa loo rogaa hal mar, markaa joogitaanka ama maqnaanshaha iyo inta jeer ee signalka garaaca wadnaha ayaa go'aamin kara in xawaaraha matoorka stepper uu sareeyo ama hooseeyo, xawaaraha ama hoos u dhaca si uu u bilaabo ama u istaago. Qaybiyaha giraantu waa inuu sidoo kale la socdaa calaamada jihada ka timaada kontaroolaha si loo go'aamiyo in wax soo saarkeeda kala-guurka gobolka uu yahay mid si togan ama taban, oo markaas loo go'aamiyo isteerinka mootada stepper.

 

3. Halbeegyada ugu muhiimsan

①Lambarka xannibaadda: badiyaa 20, 28, 35, 42, 57, 60, 86, iwm.

②Lambarka wejiga: tirada gariiradaha gudaha matoorka stepper-ka, nambarka wejiga mootada stepper guud ahaan waxa uu leeyahay laba waji, saddex-waji, shan waji. Shiinuhu waxa uu adeegsadaa matoorada laba-waji ee matoorada ah inta badan, saddex-waji sidoo kale waxa ay leedahay codsiyada qaarkood. Japan waxaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa matoorada jaranjarada shan waji ah

③ xagasha tilaabada: u dhiganta calaamada garaaca wadnaha, barokaca xagal ee wareegtada matoorka. Habka xisaabinta xaglaha Stepper motor stepper waa sida soo socota

Xagasha tilaabada = 360° ÷ (2mz)

m tirada wejiyada matoorka tallaabo-talaabo ah

Z tirada ilkaha rotor ee motor stepper.

Marka loo eego qaacidada sare, xagasha tallabada ee laba-waji, saddex-waji iyo shan-waji matoorada stepper-ka waa 1.8°, 1,2° iyo 0.72° siday u kala horreeyaan.

④ Qabashada torque: waa dabaylaha istator-ka ee matoorka iyadoo la marayo wakhtiga la qiimeeyay, laakiin rotorku ma wareego, istaatarka ayaa xidhay rotor-ka. Qabashada torque waa halbeegga ugu muhiimsan ee matoorada stepper, waana saldhigga ugu weyn ee xulashada mootada

⑤ Meesha wareegtada: waa wareegga loo baahan yahay in rotor-ka lagu rogo xoog dibadeed marka matoorku aanu dhaafin hadda. Daroogadu waa mid ka mid ah tilmaamayaasha waxqabadka si loo qiimeeyo mootada, marka la eego cabbirada kale waa isku mid, marka la yareeyo meeraha meelaynta waxay ka dhigan tahay in "saameynta booska" ay ka yar tahay, faa'iido badan u leh jilicsanaanta matoorka ku socda sifooyinka soo noqnoqda xawaaraha hooseeya: inta badan waxaa loola jeedaa sifooyinka soo noqnoqda torque ee la soo saaray, matoorka hawlgalka xasilan ee xawaare gaar ah ayaa u adkeysan kara ugu badnaan ilaa tallaabo. Qalooca daqiiqad-soo noqnoqda waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu qeexo xiriirka ka dhexeeya xawliga ugu sarreeya iyo xawaaraha (soo noqnoqda) iyada oo aan la lumin tallaabada. Qalooca soo noqnoqda torque waa halbeeg muhiim ah oo matoorka tallaabo ah waana saldhigga ugu weyn ee xulashada mootada.

⑥ Hadda la qiimeeyay: mootooyinka hadda socda ee loo baahan yahay si loo ilaaliyo qulqulka la qiimeeyay, qiimaha waxtarka leh

 

4.Dhibcaha doorashada

Codsiyada warshadaha ee loo isticmaalo xawaaraha matoorrada ilaa 600 ~ 1500rpm, xawaare sare, waxaad ka fiirsan kartaa wadista matoor-xawaaraha-xirmo, ama dooro barnaamijka servo drive ee ku habboon tillaabooyinka xulashada mootada stepper (eeg sawirka hoose).

 

(1) Doorashada xagasha tallabada

Marka loo eego tirada wejiyada matoorka, waxaa jira saddex nooc oo xagal tallabo ah: 1.8° (labo-weji), 1.2° (saddex-waji), 0.72° (shan waji). Dabcan, xagasha shanta waji ayaa leh saxnaanta ugu sareysa laakiin matoorka iyo darawalka ayaa aad qaali u ah, sidaas darteed marar dhif ah ayaa loo isticmaalaa Shiinaha. Intaa waxaa dheer, darawallada caadiga ah ee darawallada caadiga ah ayaa hadda isticmaalaya tignoolajiyada wadista-hoosaadka, 4-hoosaadka hoose, saxnaanta xagasha qayb-hoosaadka weli waa la dammaanad qaadi karaa, sidaas darteed haddii xagasha xagasha saxda ah ee tilmaamayaasha kaligiis tixgelinta, shan-waji-matoorka stepper-ka ayaa lagu bedeli karaa laba-waji ama saddex-waji motor stepper motor. Tusaale ahaan, marka la codsado nooc ka mid ah rasaasta loogu talagalay 5mm culeyska, haddii matoor laba-waji ah loo isticmaalo oo darawalka lagu dhejiyo 4 qaybood, tirada garaaca wadnaha ee kacaanka matoorku waa 200 x 4 = 800, garaaca garaaca wadnaha waa 5 ÷ 800 = 0.00625mm inta badan shuruudaha codsiga.

(2) Xulashada torque taagan (xajinta torque).

Hababka gudbinta xamuulka ee sida caadiga ah loo isticmaalo waxaa ka mid ah suumanka isku midka ah, baararka fiilooyinka, rack iyo pinion, iwm. Macaamiisha ayaa marka hore xisaabiya culayska mishiinkooda (badanaa xawaaraha dardargelinta oo lagu daray torque-wareega) oo loo beddelay wareeggii culayska ee loo baahnaa ee shafka mootada. Kadib, marka loo eego xawaaraha orodka ugu badan ee loo baahan yahay ubaxyada korantada, labada xaaladood ee kala duwan ee soo socda si ay u doortaan xajinta ku habboon ee matoorka stepper ① ee codsiga xawaaraha matoorka loo baahan yahay ee 300pm ama ka yar: haddii culeyska mishiinka loo rogo mashiinka mashiinka loo baahan yahay culeyska T1, markaa culeyskan culeyska waxaa lagu dhuftey iyada oo loo eegayo arrin badbaado leh oo loo baahan yahay SF (gen.0). matoorka xajinta Tn ②2 ee codsiyada u baahan xawaaraha 300pm ama ka badan: deji xawaaraha ugu badan ee Nmax, haddii culeyska mashiinka loo beddelo mashiinka mashiinka, xajmiga culeyska loo baahan yahay waa T1, ka dibna culeyskan culeyska ah waxaa lagu dhuftey badbaadada SF (sida caadiga ah 2.5-3.5), taas oo siinaysa xajinta T. Tixraac jaantuska 4 oo dooro qaab ku habboon. Ka dib isticmaal qalooca daqiiqad-soo noqnoqda si aad u hubiso oo aad is barbardhigto: qalooca daqiiqad-soo noqnoqda, xawaaraha ugu badan ee Nmax looga baahan yahay adeegsaduhu wuxuu u dhigmaa heerka ugu sarreeya ee lumay T2, ka dib wareegga ugu sarreeya ee lumay T2 waa inuu ka badan yahay 20% ka weyn T1. Haddii kale, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in la doorto matoor cusub oo leh qulqul weyn, oo hubi oo mar kale isbarbardhig si waafaqsan qalooca soo noqnoqda ee matoorka cusub ee la doortay.

(3) Inta uu bato nambarka saldhigga matoorka, waa uu sii weynaadaa qulqulka haynta.

(4) iyadoo loo eegayo wakhtiga la qiimeeyay si loo doorto darawalka stepper ee ku haboon.

Tusaale ahaan, hadda la qiimeeyay ee matoor 57CM23 waa 5A, ka dib waxaad u dhigantaa xawaaraha ugu badan ee la ogolyahay ee wax ka badan 5A (fadlan ogow in ay tahay qiimaha wax ku oolka ah ee aan ahayn kan ugu sarreeya), haddii kale haddii aad doorato ugu badnaan hadda kaliya ee 3A, qulqulka ugu sarreeya ee matoorku wuxuu noqon karaa oo keliya 60%!

5, khibrad codsi

(1) stepper motor dhibaato resonance hooseeyo

Qayb-hoosaadka stepper drive waa hab wax ku ool ah si loo yareeyo soo noqnoqda hoose ee matoorada stepper. Ka hooseeya 150rpm, waduhu qayb hoosaadku aad buu wax ku ool u yahay dhimista gariirka matoorka. Aragti ahaan, qayb-hoosaadka weyn, ayaa si fiican u saameeya yaraynta gariirka mootada stepper, laakiin xaaladda dhabta ah ayaa ah in qayb-hoosaadku uu kordho 8 ama 16 ka dib markii saameynta hagaajinta ee dhimista gariirinta matoorka stepper ay gaartay heerka ugu sarreeya.

Sanadihii la soo dhaafay, waxaa jiray dareewalada resonance resonance-hooseeya ee ku taxan gudaha iyo dibadda, Leisai's DM, DM-S taxane ah ee alaabada, tignoolajiyada resonance-ka-soo noqnoqda. Taxanaha darawaladu waxay adeegsadaan magdhowga iswaafajinta, iyada oo loo marayo baaxadda iyo magdhowga u dhigma wejiga, waxay si weyn u yareeyn kartaa gariirka soo noqnoqda hooseeya ee matoorka stepper, si loo gaaro gariir hooseeya iyo hawlgalka sanqadha hoose ee mootada.

(2) Saamaynta qayb-hoosaadka motor stepper ee meelaynta saxnaanta

Wareegga wadista matoorka ee Stepper ma hagaajin karo oo kaliya habsami u socodka qalabka, laakiin sidoo kale wuxuu si wax ku ool ah u wanaajin karaa saxnaanta meelaynta qalabka. Tijaabooyinku waxay muujinayaan in: Goobta dhaqdhaqaaqa wada suunka isku midka ah, qaybta hoose ee stepper motor 4, matoorka si sax ah ayaa loo dhigi karaa talaabo kasta.